empire of sin（关于清教徒的英文介绍）

本文目录

• 关于清教徒的英文介绍
• 关于万圣节的英语资料
• 有没有关于泰姬陵传说的英文介绍
• empire state of mind jay z 歌词翻译

关于清教徒的英文介绍

PURITANS

The Puritans were a group of people who grew discontent in the Church of England and worked towards religious, moral and societal reforms. The writings and ideas of John Calvin, a leader in the Reformation, gave rise to Protestantism and were pivotal to the Christian revolt. They contended that The Church of England had become a product of political struggles and man-made doctrines. The Puritans were one branch of dissenters who decided that the Church of England was beyond reform. Escaping persecution from church leadership and the King, they came to America.

The Puritans believed that the Bible was God’s true law, and that it provided a plan for living. The established church of the day described access to God as monastic and possible only within the confines of “church authority“. Puritans stripped away the traditional trappings and formalities of Christianity which had been slowly building throughout the previous 1500 years. Theirs was an attempt to “purify“ the church and their own lives.

What many of us remember about the Puritans is reflective of the modern definition of the term and not of the historical account. Point one, they were not a small group of people. In England many of their persuasion sat in Parliament. So great was the struggle that England’s Civil War pitted the Puritans against the Crown Forces. Though the Puritans won the fight with Oliver Cromwell’s leadership, their victory was short-lived; hence their displacement to America. Point two, the witchcraft trials did not appropriately define their methods of living for the 100+ years that they formed successful communities. What it did show was the danger that their self-imposed isolation had put them in.

Most of the Puritans settled in the New England area. As they immigrated and formed individual colonies, their numbers rose from 17,800 in 1640 to 106,000 in 1700. Religious exclusiveness was the foremost principle of their society. The spiritual beliefs that they held were strong. This strength held over to include community laws and customs. Since God was at the forefront of their minds, He was to motivate all of their actions. This premise worked both for them and against them.

The common unity strengthened the community. In a foreign land surrounded with the hardships of pioneer life, their spiritual bond made them sympathetic to each other’s needs. Their overall survival techniques permeated the colonies and on the whole made them more successful in several areas beyond that of the colonies established to their south.

Each church congregation was to be individually responsible to God, as was each person. The New Testament was their model and their devotion so great that it permeated their entire society. People of opposing theological views were asked to leave the community or to be converted.

Their interpretation of scriptures was a harsh one. They emphasized a redemptive piety. In principle, they emphasized conversion and not repression. Conversion was a rejection of the “worldliness“ of society and a strict adherence to Biblical principles. While repression was not encouraged in principle, it was evident in their actions. God could forgive anything, but man could forgive only by seeing a change in behavior. Actions spoke louder than words, so actions had to be constantly controlled.

The doctrine of predestination kept all Puritans constantly working to do good in this life to be chosen for the next eternal one. God had already chosen who would be in heaven or hell, and each believer had no way of knowing which group they were in. Those who were wealthy were obviously blessed by God and were in good standing with Him. The Protestant work ethic was the belief that hard work was an honor to God which would lead to a prosperous reward. Any deviations from the normal way of Puritan life met with strict disapproval and discipline. Since the church elders were also political leaders, any church infraction was also a social one. There was no margin for error.

The devil was behind every evil deed. Constant watch needed to be kept in order to stay away from his clutches. Words of hell fire and brimstone flowed from the mouths of eloquent ministers as they warned of the persuasiveness of the devil’s power. The sermons of Jonathan Edwards, a Puritan minister, show that delivery of these sermons became an art form. They were elegant, well formed, exegetical renditions of scriptures... with a healthy dose of fear woven throughout the fabric of the literary construction. Grammar children were quizzed on the material at school and at home. This constant subjection of the probability of an unseen danger led to a scandal of epidemic proportions.

In 1688, four young girls accused a laundry woman of “bewitching“ them. What could have been stopped progressed into a community tragedy. The young women enjoyed the attention this story afforded them, but no doubt were afraid that their lies would be found out. In an effort to further punctuate their story, they lapsed into prolonged convulsions. Those who were “possessed by the devil“ were forced to make confessions of their evil liaisons in order to protect their families and properties from harm . Those who denounced witchcraft (thereby calling the witnesses liars) were then accused themselves. In the frenzy to follow, by 1690 two hundred persons were in jail, fifty in prison and twenty executed (along with 2 dogs). Cotton Mather, a leader of the group, quietly led the way in bringing this crisis to an end. The devotion they held in maintaining a religious society in isolation fueled the fire of the witchcraft scandal.

Great pains were taken to warn their members and especially their children of the dangers of the world. Religiously motivated, they were exceptional in their time for their interest in the education of their children. Reading of the Bible was necessary to living a pious life. The education of the next generation was important to further “purify“ the church and perfect social living.

Three English diversions were banned in their New England colonies; drama, religious music and erotic poetry. The first and last of these led to immorality. Music in worship created a “dreamy“ state which was not conducive in listening to God. Since the people were not spending their time idly indulged in trivialities, they were left with two godly diversions.

The Bible stimulated their corporate intellect by promoting discussions of literature. Greek classics of Cicero, Virgil, Terence and Ovid were taught, as well as poetry and Latin verse. They were encouraged to create their own poetry, always religious in content.

For the first time in history, free schooling was offered for all children. Puritans formed the first formal school in 1635, called the Roxbury Latin School. Four years later, the first American College was established; Harvard in Cambridge. Children aged 6-8 attended a “Dame school“ where the teacher, who was usually a widow, taught reading. “Ciphering“ (math) and writing were low on the academic agenda.

In 1638, the first printing press arrived. By 1700, Boston became the second largest publishing center of the English Empire. The Puritans were the first to write books for children, and to discuss the difficulties in communicating with them. At a time when other Americans were physically blazing trails through the forests, the Puritans efforts in areas of study were advancing our country intellectually.

Religion provided a stimulus and prelude for scientific thought. Of those Americans who were admitted into the scientific “Royal Society of London,“ the vast majority were New England Puritans.

The large number of people who ascribed to the lifestyle of the Puritans did much to firmly establish a presence on American soil. Bound together, they established a community that maintained a healthy economy, established a school system, and focused an efficient eye on political concerns. The moral character of England and America were shaped in part by the words and actions of this strong group of Christian believers called the Puritans.

关于万圣节的英语资料

　　Next to Christmas, Halloween is the most commercialized celebration in the United States and Canada. This ancient festival originated far from North America however, and centuries before the first European set foot on the continent.

　　The ancient Druids 督伊德教(古代高卢人与不列颠人的一种宗教)的教徒 who inhabited what we now call Great Britain placed great importance on the passing of one season to the next, holding Fire Festivals which were celebrated for three days (two days on either side of the day itself).

　　One of these festivals was called Samhain (pronounced Sha-Von) and it took place on October 31 through to November 1. During this period, it was believed that the boundaries between our world and the world of the dead were weakened, allowing spirits of the recently dead to cross over and possess the living.

　　In order to make themselves and their homes less inviting to these wayward spirits, the ancient Celts（凯尔特人）would douse （插入水中, 把弄熄, 弄湿）all their fires. There was also a secondary purpose to this, after extinguishing all their fires, they would re-light them from a common source, the Druidic fire that was kept burning at Usinach, in the Middle of Ireland.

　　Samhain was considered to be a gateway not only from the land of the dead to the land of the living, but also between Summer and Fall/Winter. For the Druids, this was the last gasp （喘息, 气喘）of summer (it was also the Celtic New Year), so therefore they made sure it went out with a bang before they had to button down （把...弄清楚）for the winter ahead.

　　They would dress up in bizarre costumes and parade through their villages causing destruction in order to scare off any recently departed souls who might be prowling （巡游）for bodies to inhabit, in addition to burning animals and other offerings to the Druidic deities（神, 神性）. It is also a popular belief that they would burn people who they believed to be possessed, but this has largely been debunked （揭穿, 拆穿假面具, 暴露）as myth.

　　This yearly festival was adopted by the Roman invaders, who helped to propagate （传播, 宣传）it throughout the rest of the world (and at that time, the Roman Empire was the world). The word Halloween itself actually comes from a contraction of All Hallows Eve, or All Saint‘s Day (November 1), which is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints.

　　This tradition was later brought to the North American continent by Irish immigrants who were escaping the Potato Famine in their homeland. In addition to the festival itself, the immigrants brought several customs with them, including one of the symbols most commonly associated with Halloween -- the Jack ‘O Lantern.

　　According to Irish folklore, there once lived a man named Jack who was known for being a drunk and a prankster（顽皮的人, 爱开玩笑的人）. One night Jack tricked the devil into climbing a tree, and quickly carved an image of a cross on the trunk, trapping the devil. Jack then made him promise that, in exchange for letting him out of the tree, the Devil would never tempt him to sin again. He reluctantly agreed, but was able to exact his revenge upon Jack‘s death. Because of his mischievous ways in life, Jack was barred from entering heaven and because of his earlier trick, he was also barred from hell. So he was doomed to wander the earth until the end of time, with only a single ember（灰烬, 余烬） (carried in a hollowed out turnip.[植]芜箐, 芜箐甘蓝) to warm him and light his way.

　　In Ireland, they originally also used turnips for their Jack Lanterns, but upon arriving in the new world, they discovered that pumpkins were abundant and easier to carve out.

有没有关于泰姬陵传说的英文介绍

Story goes that the emperor was grief stricken when he lost his beloved third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It took several thousands of craftsmen, artisans and about twenty years to construct it. The masons, stonecutters, carvers, inlayers, calligraphers, painters and others were brought from the entire empire as well as from Iran and Central Asia. Semi-precious stones were used for inlay ornamentation.
　　相传，沙·贾汉由于其第三个最宠爱的妻子--穆姆塔兹·玛哈尔的逝去而十分悲伤。该建筑总共需要数以千记的工匠、技工、用时两年才得以完成。这包括来自全国各地以及伊朗、中亚的石匠、石工、雕刻工、镶嵌者、书法家、画家及其他的人才。准宝石的石头用来做镶嵌装饰。

empire state of mind jay z 歌词翻译

Yeah, Imma up at Brooklyn, 我刚刚去了布鲁克林(美国纽约市的一区, 在长岛西部)
now Im down in Tribeca,现在来到了三角地(纽约曼哈顿运河街以南的地区)
right next to DeNiro, 然后将去DeNiro（也是纽约的一个地区）
But i’ll be hood forever, 但是我会永远带着头巾
I’m the new Sinatra, 我是新一代的Sinatra（ 被称为流行音乐之父，现在应该指音乐的这一类吧）
and since i made it here,既然我可以在这里创造它
i can make it anywhere, 我就能让它遍布世界各地
yeah they love me everywhere, yeah 他们对我的爱无处不在
i used to cop in Harlem, 我曾是Harlem的警察（Harlem哈莱姆(美国纽约市的一个区, 居民大都为黑人)
all of my dominicanos 所有多米尼加人（多米尼加人（Dominicanos） 中美洲加勒比海地区多米尼加和多米尼克居民的总称。）
right there up on broadway, 正驶向宽阔的大道
brought me back to that McDonalds, 带我回到麦当劳
took it to my stash spot, 带它到我的私人领地
Five Sixty Stage street, 五又六十舞台大街
catch me in the kitchen like a simmons whipping pastry, 就像鲜奶糕点把我吸引在厨房一般
cruising down 8th street, 再来到第八大道
off white lexus, 离开白色凌志（凌志车，很有名的呀）
driving so slow but BK is from Texas, 从德克萨斯州(美国州名)慢慢开进
me I’m up at Bedsty,现在我来到Bedsty
home of that boy Biggie, 那个大人物的家乡
now i live on billboard, 我靠着宣传谋生
and i brought my boys with me, 我和我的伙伴们一起
say wat up to Ty Ty, still sipping Malta 对TY说wat up（一款游戏），依旧在马耳他(地中海的岛国)小饮
1. sitting courtside Knicks and Nets give me high fives, 坐在纽约人与新泽西篮网的赛场边为胜利击掌吧（High Five，是美国文化手势的一种，并没有正式的中文名称，一般代表了“庆祝成功的击掌”）（New York Knicks New Jersey Nets两支 NBA球队）

N-gga i be spiked out, i can trip a referee, 我说出N-gga，让裁判矢言
tell by my attitude that I most definitely from… 我的态度来告诉他我十分确定…..

[Alicia Keys]
In New York, 在纽约
Concrete jungle where dreams are made of, 这个由梦筑城的钢筋混凝土的城市里
Theres nothing you can’t do, 你可以为所欲为
Now you’re in New York, 因为你现在在纽约
these streets will make you feel brand new, 街道会让你感觉焕然一新
the lights will inspire you, 灯光将启迪着你
lets here it for New York, New York, New York 这就是纽约

[Jay-Z]
I made you hot n-gga, 我让你成为了最热门的n-gga
Catch me at the X with OG at a Yankee game,被布狼克斯乐团和OG和美国的游戏所深深吸引（X指“The Bronx 2003年於加州洛杉矶成立的庞克摇滚新锐/OG指最原始的美国黑帮original gangsta）
sh-t i made the yankee hat more famous than a yankee can, 我让美国帽比美国罐头更有名
you should know I bleed Blue, but I aint a crip tho, 你应该知道我为蓝调而流血，可是我不过是个瘸子而已
but i got a gang of n-ggas walking with my click though, 但我有一群伙伴和我同行
welcome to the melting pot, 欢迎来到纽约这个大熔炉（因其多民族国家的人混杂被称为熔炉）
corners where we selling rocks, 在角落里我们推销着摇滚（暗指街头卖艺）
afrika bambaataa sh-t,“祖鲁帮首领”（Africa Bambaataa说唱之父之一）
home of the hip hop, 说唱的故乡
yellow cap, gypsy cap, dollar cab, holla back, 黄帽，吉普赛帽，廉价的出租，尖叫回荡
for foreigners it aint fitted they forgot how to act, 外国人都不适用这些，因为他们忘记了如何表演
8 million stories out there and their naked, 无数的流言从这里传出，赤裸裸的，毫无掩饰
cities is a pity half of y’all won’t make it, 这个城市为此而遗憾
me i gotta plug Special Ed “i got it made,“ 我将要敲击最特别的结尾曲“我完成它”
If Jesus payin LeBron, I’m paying Dwayne Wade, 如果上帝为LeBron买单，那么我就在为Dwayne Wade买单（是两位球星）
3 dice cee-lo
3 card marley, （是两位音乐人）
labor day parade, rest in peace Bob Marley, 劳动节游行 ，其余人沉浸在Bob Marley的音乐里安享太平（ 雷鬼乐教父BOB.MARLEY）
Statue of Liberty, long live the World trade, 自由女神与世贸大厦万岁
long live the king yo, 国王万岁
I’m from the empire state thats… 我来帝国.....

[Chorus]

In New York, 在纽约
Concrete jungle where dreams are made of, 这个由梦筑城的钢筋混凝土的城市里
Theres nothing you can’t do, 你可以为所欲为
Now you’re in New York, 因为你现在在纽约
these streets will make you feel brand new, 街道会让你感觉焕然一新
the lights will inspire you, 灯光将启迪着你
lets here it for New York, New York, New York这就是纽约
Welcome to the bright light.. 欢迎来到这片闪耀的地带

[Jay-Z]
Lights is blinding, 灯光太过炫目
girls need blinders 女孩儿们需要带上护目镜
so they can step out of bounds quick, 她们跳着快速的舞蹈
the side lines is blind with casualties, 边界线被伤亡的人们弄得模糊不清
who sipping life casually, then gradually become worse, 她们在随便的浪费生命，然后慢慢变坏
don’t bite the apple Eve, 不要咬夏娃的苹果
caught up in the in crowd, 不要沉湎于人群中
now your in-style, 此刻是你的风格
and in the winter gets cold en vogue with your skin out, 在寒冷的冬天露出皮肤就是时髦
the city of sin is a pity on a whim, 城市里充斥的罪恶只是一时的遗憾
good girls gone bad, the cities filled with them, 好女孩变坏，然后充斥在整个城市中
Mommy took a bus trip and now she got her bust out, 妈妈进行了一次汽车旅行，现在 她坦胸露乳
everybody ride her, just like a bus route, 所有人都嘲弄她，就像嘲弄公交路线图一样
Hail Mary to the city your a Virgin, 圣母玛利亚为这个城市带来圣洁
and Jesus can’t save you life starts when the church ends, 礼拜结束后上帝不能拯救你的生命
came here for school, graduated to the high life, 来到学校，为享受优质生活而毕业
ball players, rap stars, addicted to the limelight, 球星，说唱明星，致力于成为万众的焦点
MDMA got you feeling like a champion, 摇头丸让你感觉自己是冠军
the city never sleeps better slip you a Ambien在安眠药的作用下你感觉这个城市睡的如此香甜

[Chorus]

In New York, 在纽约
Concrete jungle where dreams are made of, 这个由梦筑城的钢筋混凝土的城市里
Theres nothing you can’t do, 你可以为所欲为
Now you’re in New York, 因为你现在在纽约
these streets will make you feel brand new, 街道会让你感觉焕然一新
the lights will inspire you, 灯光将启迪着你
lets here it for New York, New York, New York 这就是纽约

[Alicia Keys]
One hand in the air for the big city, 一只手放入这个大城市的空气中
Street lights, big dreams all looking pretty, 街灯，梦想都看起来那么漂亮
no place in the World that can compare, 没有任何一个地方能匹敌
Put your lighters in the air, everybody say yeaaahh 在空气中点点燃火机，所有都说yeah
come on, come, 燃烧吧，燃烧吧
yeah,

[Chorus]
In New York, 在纽约
Concrete jungle where dreams are made of, 这个由梦筑城的钢筋混凝土的城市里
Theres nothing you can’t do, 你可以为所欲为
Now you’re in New York, 因为你现在在纽约
these streets will make you feel brand new, 街道会让你感觉焕然一新
the lights will inspire you, 灯光将启迪着你
lets here it for New York, New York, New York 这就是纽约